李玉景;张宝亮;赵文;王付景;倪吉伦;沈国权;
LI Yu-jing;ZHANG Bao-liang;ZHAO Wen;WANG Fu-jing;NI Ji-lun;SHEN Guo-quan;Guizhou Kaiyuan Blasting Engineering Co., Ltd.;

• 1:贵州开源爆破工程有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

针对大型电厂改建工程在机械拆除机组设备后,余留的承重框架、电梯井、煤仓过道以及汽机房单排墙柱等高耸建(构)筑物,在邻近发电机组不停机的条件下进行拆除爆破的情况,采用定向控制爆破技术,以先倒建筑物为后倒建筑物坍塌提供更大倾倒空间为原则,确定待拆建筑物的倒塌顺序,进行大解体式拆除爆破。通过选择合理参数、合适的倒塌方向,确保建(构)筑物顺利倒塌;根据建(构)筑物的结构、布局、周围环境、工作量等对特殊墙、柱结构采取机械或爆破的方式来预处理,以减小钻孔工作量,提高施工效率;后排立柱实施长延时、弱松动爆破,充分利用结构间拉应力,确保后排墙柱倒塌方向;倾倒区域铺设柔性缓冲层,减弱触地飞溅;重点保护设施处架设拦挡网,拦挡飞散物。此次大解体式拆除爆破取得了良好的爆破效果。
After the mechanical dismantling of the equipment in the reconstruction project of a large power plant, there will be many remaining high-rise structures such as load-bearing frames, elevator shafts, coal bunker passages and a single row of wall posts in the steam engine room. In the case of demolition blasting without shutdown of adjacent generating units, directional controlled blasting technology is adopted to determine the collapsing sequence of the buildings to be demolished and carry out macro disjoint demolition blasting on the principle of providing more space. By choosing reasonable parameters and proper collapse direction, the collapse of structures can be ensured smoothly. According to the structure, layout, surroundings, and workload of the structure, the special walls, columns, and structures were pretreatment by mechanical or blasting, so as to reduce the workload of drilling holes and improve the construction efficiency. Long time delay and weak loosening blasting were carried out on the cross-back columns to ensure the collapse direction of the back columns and make full use of the tensile stress between the structures. A flexible cushioning layer was laid in the dumping direction to reduce the degree of touchdown splash; Barrier nets were erected at key protection facilities to block flying objects and good blasting results have been obtained in this macro disjoint demolition blasting.

关键词(KeyWords)： 大型电厂;拆除爆破;爆破切口;飞散物;大解体式
large power plant;demolition blasting;blasting notch;flying debris;macro disjoint

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Authors): 李玉景;张宝亮;赵文;王付景;倪吉伦;沈国权;
LI Yu-jing;ZHANG Bao-liang;ZHAO Wen;WANG Fu-jing;NI Ji-lun;SHEN Guo-quan;Guizhou Kaiyuan Blasting Engineering Co., Ltd.;

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 檀纯锦,黄跃,汪浩,等.电厂发电机组厂房及150 m烟囱定向爆破拆除[J].工程爆破,2011,17(4):53-57.TAN C J,HUANG Y,WANG H,et al.Directional blasting demolition of cenerator set workshop and 150 m high chimney in the power plant[J].Engineering Blasting,2011,17(4):53-57.
• [2] 余兴春,任少华,赵端豪,等.210 m高钢筋陶泥混凝土内衬结构烟囱的爆破拆除[J].工程爆破,2017,23(3):73-76.YU X C,REN S H,ZHAO D H,et al.Blasting demolition of 210 m high chimney with reinforced clay concrete lining structure[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(3):73-76.
• [3] 刘孟龙,梁海波,邹建华,等.电厂内2座烟囱和主厂房的定向爆破拆除[J].工程爆破,2011,17(4):67-70.LIU M L,LIANG H B,ZHOU J H,et al.Directional blasting demolition of two chimneys and a main workshop in the power plant[J].Engineering Blasting,2011,17(4):67-70.
• [4] 张英才.电厂大型厂房大解体式爆破拆除[J].爆破,2011,21(3):46-48.ZHANG Y C.Demolition of a large-scale workshop in a power plant by macro disjoint blasting[J].Blasting,2011,21(3):46-48.
• [5] 陈顺禄,徐全军,龙源.电厂钢筋混凝土基础快速爆破拆除[J].工程爆破,2017,23(1):68-70.CHEN S L,XU Q J,LONG Y.Rapid blasting demolition of reinforced concrete foundation in power plant[J].Engineering Blasting,2017,23(1):68-70.
• [6] 雷振,沈朝虎,张智宇,等.电大型电厂厂房爆破拆除[J].爆破,2002,19(4):30-32.LEI Z.SHEN C H.ZHANG Z Y,et al.Demolition of workshop in large-scale power plant by blasting[J].Blasting,2002,19(4):30-32.
• [7] 国家安全生产监督管理局.GB 6722-2014爆破安全规程 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.State Administration of Work Safety.GB 6722-2014 Safety regulation for blasting[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2015.
• [8] 周家汉.爆破拆除塌落振动速度计算公式的讨论[J].工程爆破,2009,15(1):1-4.ZHOU J H.Discussion on calculation formula of collapsing vibration velocity caused by blasting demolition[J].Engineering Blasting,2009,15(1):1-4.