缪玉松,王海亮,王振彪,王晓静,辛林,于福,鲍汝苍
MIAO Yu-song,WANG Hai-liang,WANG Zhen-biao,WANG Xiao-jing,XIN Lin,YU Fu,BAO Ru-cang

• 1:青岛理工大学理学院
• 2:山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院
• 3:河北飞瀑环保科技有限公司
• 4:中国交通建设股份有限公司轨道交通分公司

摘要(Abstract)：

爆破作业是地铁隧道施工常用的技术手段，但随着隧道长度、深度的延伸，地铁隧道掘进过程中，常出现爆后粉尘弥漫时间长、降尘效率低等问题，严重威胁施工人员的身体健康，降低施工效率。为更加高效快速地减少钻爆法施工过程中产生的粉尘颗粒，提出了一种快速水雾化除尘技术。依托青岛地铁6号线华山1路西侧斜井工程进行现场试验，利用液态CO_2吸热产生的相位变化提升储罐内压，形成高速、高压的水射流可以远距离喷射至掌子面处，最终通过雾化的水滴将粉尘颗粒包裹成团，通过重力自降达到快速降尘的目的。研究结果表明：在爆后15 min范围内，快速水雾化除尘技术可使爆破后产生的PM10、TSP浓度的最大降幅分别达到24.84%、27.68%。快速水雾化降尘技术可以短时间内达到爆后除尘的目的，有效改善施工环境，加快施工进度。
Blasting operation is a commonly used technical means in subway tunnel construction, but with the extension of tunnel length and depth, problems such as long diffusion time of dust after explosion and low dust reduction efficiency often occur in the process of subway tunnel excavation, which seriously threaten the health of construction personnel and reduce construction efficiency.In order to reduce the dust particles produced in the construction process of drilling and blasting method more efficiently and quickly, a rapid water atomization and dust removal technology is proposed. Based on the field test of the inclined shaft project on the west side of Huashan Road 1 of Qingdao Metro Line 6, the phase change caused by the heat absorption of liquid CO_2 is used to increase the internal pressure of the storage tank to form a high-speed and high-pressure water jet which can be sprayed to the face of the palm over a long distance. Finally, the dust particles are wrapped up by atomized water droplets, and the rapid dust reduction is achieved by gravity self-drop.The results show that in the range of 15 min after blasting, the rapid water atomization and dust removal technology can reduce the concentration of PM10 and TSP by 24.84% and 27.68%, respectively. Rapid water atomization and dust removal technology can achieve the purpose of dust removal after explosion in a short time, effectively improve the construction environment and speed up the construction progress.

关键词(KeyWords)： 隧道爆破;水雾化降尘;地铁隧道;快速降尘;粉尘浓度
tunnel blasting;water spray dust;metro tunnel;rapid dust removal

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51879135,52604004);; 山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2019BA023)

作者(Author): 缪玉松,王海亮,王振彪,王晓静,辛林,于福,鲍汝苍
MIAO Yu-song,WANG Hai-liang,WANG Zhen-biao,WANG Xiao-jing,XIN Lin,YU Fu,BAO Ru-cang

DOI: 10.19931/j.EB.20210275

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 赵凯，赵丁凤，张东，等.地铁隧道毫秒延时爆破环境振动特性研究[J].爆炸与冲击，2020,40(10):134-143.ZHAO K,ZHAO D F,ZHANG D,et al.Characteristics of environmental vibration induced by millisecond-delay blasting in metro tunnel excavation[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2020,40(10):131-140.
• [2] 汪平，吉凌.浅埋地铁隧道爆破振动速度传播规律及预测[J].工程爆破，2021,27(2):108-113,134.WANG P,JI L.Propagation law and prediction of blasting vibration velocity of shallow buried subway tunnel[J].Engineering Blasting,2021,27(2):108-113,134.
• [3] 王海亮，张亮，张祖远.城市隧道爆破震动影响因素的重要度研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(2):73-78.WANG H L,ZHANG L,ZHANG Z Y.Importance degree of factors influencing tunnel blasting vibration[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural science),2016,35(2):73-78,85.
• [4] 吴钦鑫，王海亮，胡红星，等.海底新建隧道爆破对既有隧道的振动影响研究[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2019,38(4):41-49.WU Q X,WANG H L,HU H X,et al.Study on blasting vibration of new undersea tunnel affecting existing tunnels[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural science),2019,38(4):41-49.
• [5] 任国辉.复杂条件下长大斜井隧道爆破期粉尘运移及除尘技术研究[D].青岛：山东科技大学，2020.REN G H.Research on internal force calculation and mechanical behavior of prefabricated assembled utility tunnel[D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2020.
• [6] 邹常富，邓有凡.采场爆破产尘规律及降尘技术研究[J].矿业研究与开发，2019,39(8):34-37.ZHOU C F,DENG Y F.Study on dust production law and dust reduction technology in blasting stope[J].Mining Research and Development,2019,39(8):34-37.
• [7] 汪泽，喻圆圆，吴霄，等.城市复杂环境场平爆破降尘降噪试验研究[J].爆破，2021,38(1):134-139.WANG Z,YU Y Y,WU X,et al.Experimental study on dust removal and noise reduction by horizontal blasting in urban complex environmental field[J].Blasting,2021,38(1):134-139.
• [8] XIE Z,XIAO Y,JIANG C,et al.Numerical study on fine dust pollution characteristics under various ventilation time in metro tunnel after blasting[J].Building and Environment.2021:108111.
• [9] 董文秀.浅谈隧道施工粉尘来源及防治对策[J].建筑安全，2020,35(12):16-18.DONG W X.Introduction to the tunnel construction dust source and prevention countermeasures[J].Construction Safety,2020,35(12):16-18.
• [10] 李延龙，史秀志，刘博，等.水炮泥合理填塞长度的试验研究[J].爆破，2015,32(2):11-16,38.LI Y L,SHI X Z,LIU B,et al.Experimental research on reasonable length of water stemming[J].Blasting,2015,32(2):11-16,38.
• [11] 来弘鹏，周冬辉，宋竹兵，等.山岭隧道水压爆破降尘剂试验研究[J].现代隧道技术.2021,58(2):188-194.LAI H P,ZHOU D H,SONG Z B,et al.Experimental study on dust suppressing agent for hydraulic blasting in mountain tunnels[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2021,58(2):188-194.
• [12] 董志富，翟会超，刘银，等.特殊条件下露天矿山非常规爆破技术及其应用[J].黄金，2021,42(8):48-52.DONG Z F,ZHAI H C,LIU Y,et al.Unconventional blasting technology in open-pit mines under special conditions and its application[J].Gold,2021,42(8):48-52.
• [13] 蒋仲安，陈梅岭，陈举师.巷道型采场爆破粉尘质量浓度分布及变化规律的数值模拟[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,44(3):1 190-1 196.JIANG Z A,CHEN M L,CHEN J S.Numerical simulation of dust concentration distribution and changing regularities in roadway stope blasting[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and technology),2013,44(3):1 190-1 196.
• [14] 唐定胜.长大隧道施工通风降尘技术实践探讨[J].绿色环保建材，2021(4):124-125.TANG D S.Grew up in the tunnel construction ventilation dust technology practice[J].Green Environmental Protection Building Materials,2021(4):124-125.