文章详细信息

城市浅埋隧道正三角形掏槽爆破错峰降振研究
Research on vibration reduction of staggered blasting in regular triangle cut of urban shallow tunnel

杨家松
YANG Jia-song

1:中铁二局集团有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

随着城市对爆破振动效应的关注程度以及拟定控制标准越来越高的趋势,提升有效的城市爆破工程的降振措施是极为重要的。而隧道掏槽产生最大振动的概率极大,特别是斜孔掏槽。对浅埋隧道而言,即使用先进的数码电子雷管技术,从波的相位差出发,让振动波的峰谷抵消也是十分困难的,只能实现一定程度的错峰降振,相比常规控制爆破,振速下降50%～60%。于是基于普遍采用复式掏槽研究成果,使用正三角形掏槽方法,通过差分掏槽深度、等份装药与延时错峰来实现降振。以青岛地铁8#线海底隧道陆域段的工程实践为例,在进尺1.5 m的条件下,使用正三角形掏槽和非电毫秒雷管,错峰降振效果十分显著,振速最大下降75%,平均振幅在50%以上,既保障了密集建筑的安全,又避免了信访事件发生。
As cities become more aware of the effects of blasting vibrations and the trend toward higher control standards, it is extremely important to promote effective vibration reduction measures for urban blasting projects. However, the probability of maximum vibration occurring in tunnel excavation is extremely high, especially in oblique hole excavation. For shallow buried tunnels, even using advanced digital electronic detonator technology, it is very difficult to cancel the peaks and valleys of the vibration wave from the phase difference of the wave. It can only achieve a certain degree of peak-to-peak vibration reduction, compared with conventional control. During blasting, the vibration speed drops by 50%～60%, Therefore, based on the research results of the universal use of double-grooving, using regular triangle-grooving method, vibration reduction can be achieved through differential groove depth, equal charge and delayed peak shift. Taking the engineering practice of the land section of the Qingdao Metro Line 8 # submarine tunnel as an example, under the condition of 1.5 m footage, using a regular triangle cutout and a non-electric millisecond detonator, the effect of staggered peak vibration reduction is very significant, the maximum vibration speed is reduced by 75%, and the average amplitude is above 50%. This not only guarantees the safety of dense buildings, but also avoids the occurrence of letters and visits.

关键词(KeyWords)： 城市浅埋隧道;正三角形掏槽;错峰降振
urban shallow tunnels;regular triangle cut;vibration reduction using staggering peaks

基金项目(Foundation): 中国中铁A类重大课题资助项目(2008-重大-10)

作者(Author): 杨家松
YANG Jia-song