杨平;王雪峰;
YANG Ping;WANG Xue-feng;College of Mines,Liaoning Technical University;College of Safety,Liaoning Technical University;

• 1:辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院
• 2:辽宁工程技术大学安全学院

摘要(Abstract)：

为改善露天矿钻孔偏差情况下的爆破效果,应用异位孔定义,分析异位孔发生原因。在钻孔发生异位时,应用偏移距离δ和偏移角度α对异位孔位置进行描述,通过优化a、c、e'的3个钻孔装药量的方式改善爆破效果。对提出的装药量方案进行数值模拟,将模拟结果与设计孔位模拟结果进行比对,进而确定最优方案。对a、c、e'的3个钻孔装药量、偏移距离与偏移角度进行空间曲面最小二乘法拟合,得出3者间的关系,并通过现场爆破实验对计算结果进行验证。研究结果表明:当异位孔偏移距离为δ、偏移角度为α时,钻孔a装药量qa=72-19.0×δcosα-10.5×δsinα,钻孔c装药量qc=72+14.8×δcosα-9.7×δsinα,钻孔e'装药量qe'=72+4.2×δcosα+20.2×δsinα。
In order to improve the blasting effect in drilling deviation of open pit,the ectopic hole is defined and the cause of ectopic hole is analyzed.When the borehole is ectopic,the position of the ectopic hole is described by the offset distanceδand the offset angleα.The blasting effect is improved by optimizing the three drilling charges of a,c,e'.The numerical simulation of the proposed dosage scheme is carried out and the simulation results are compared with the simulation results of the design holes to determine the optimal scheme.The relationship between the three drilling charges,the offset distance and the offset angle of a,c,and e'are simulated by the spatial least squares method.And the results are validated by field blasting experiment.The results show that when the offset distance isδand the offset angle isα,drilling a charge amount qa=72-19.0×δcosα-10.5×δsinα,drilling c charge amount qc=72+14.8×δcosα-9.7×δsinα,drilling e'charge amount qe'=72+4.2×δcosα+20.2×δsinα.

关键词(KeyWords)： 爆破效果;数值模拟;偏移距离;偏移角度;装药量;最小二乘法;异位孔
blasting effect;numerical simulation;offset distance;offset angle;explosive charge;least square method;rvyopiv nove

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51174108)

作者(Authors): 杨平;王雪峰;
YANG Ping;WANG Xue-feng;College of Mines,Liaoning Technical University;College of Safety,Liaoning Technical University;

参考文献(References)：

• [1]陈鹏辉,楼晓明,周文海.爆破动力荷载下边坡稳定性的时程分析[J].金属矿山,2015(1):29-33.CHEN P H,LOU X M,ZHOU W H.Time history analysis of slope stability under the blasting loading[J].Metal Mine,2015(1):29-33.
• [2]孙惠香,许金余,朱国富,等.爆炸荷载作用下围岩与地下结构的动力相互作用[J].爆炸与冲击,2013,33(5):519-524.SUN H X,XU J Y,ZHU G F,et al.Dynamic interaction between surrounding rock and underground structure subjected to blast loading[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2013,33(5):519-524.
• [3]王新忠,孙德胜.中深孔凿岩爆破参数优化的实验与研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2005,57(4):14-16.WANG X Z,SUN D S.Experiment and study on optimization of medium and deep hole drilling blasting parameters[J].Nonferrous Mrtals(Mining Section),2005,57(4):14-16.
• [4]徐帅,彭建宇,李元辉,等.急倾斜薄矿脉中深孔落矿爆破参数优化[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(5):682-688.XU S,PENG J Y,LI Y H,et al.Blasting parameter optimization of medium-depth hole caving for steeply inclined thin veins[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(5):682-688.
• [5]张成良,杨阳,梁开水,等.岩壁梁爆破参数优化的神经网络模型[J].工程爆破,2006,12(1):22-25,51.ZHANG C L,YANG Y,LIANG K S,et al.Neural netword model of blasting parameters optimization of crane beam at rockwall[J].Engineering Blasting,2006,12(1):22-25,51.
• [6]许名标,彭德红.边坡爆破振动测试及响应规律时程分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,33(S1):2 629-2 635.XU M B,PENG D H.Blasting vibration test and ANSYS Time-history analysis of slope responses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,33(S1):2 629-2 635.
• [7]李宗楠,余斌,吴春平.某露天矿间隔装药ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值分析及应用[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2014,66(6):79-83.LI Z N,YU B,WU C P.ANSYS/LS-DYNA analysis and application of interval charge blasting in an open pit mine[J].Nonferrous Merals(Mining Section),2014,66(6):79-83.
• [8]许名标,彭德红.边坡预裂爆破参数优化研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2008,28(4):355-359.XU M B,PENG D H.Parameter optimization of the slope pre-splitting blasting[J].爆炸与冲击,2008,28(4):355-359.
• [9]安祥吉.对两起重大爆破事故的处置措施及经验总结[J].工程爆破,2011,17(1):90-91.AN X J.Summarization on disposal measures and experience of two major explosion accidents[J].Engineering Blasting,2011,17(1):90-91.
• [10]韩新平,王明君,吴崇.异位孔爆破破碎块度与设计孔的分形匹配研究[J].应用泛函分析学报,2014,16(4):380-384.HAN X P,WANG M J,WU C.Fractal matching research about blast fragmentation of ectopic and design hole[J].Acta Analysis Functional Applicata,2014,16(4):380-384.
• [11]程惠红,张怀,朱伯靖,等.地应力测量中钻孔偏心分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2011,31(6):164-169.CHENG H H,ZHANG H,ZHU B J,et al.Analysis of drilling hole deviation in crustal stress measurement[J].Geodesy and Geodynamics,2011,31(6):164-169.
• [12]郝兴中,杨毅恒,李英平,等.基于GIS技术的钻孔校正[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):2 233-2 239.HAO X Z,YANG Y H,LI Y P,et al.Drilling correction based on GIS technology[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):2 233-2 239.
• [13]王明军.异位孔位置与装药量关系数值模拟研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2013.WANG M J.Numerical simulation research on the relationship between ectopic hole position and charge[D].Fuxin:Liaoning Technical University,2013.
• [14]丁克良,欧吉坤,赵春梅.正交最小二乘曲线拟合法[J].测绘科学,2007,32(3):17-19.DING K L,OU J K,ZHAO C M.The curve fitting of orthogonal least-squares[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2007,32(3):17-19.
• [15]李丽丹.基于MATLAB的离散数据最小二乘拟合[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2011,30(S1):202-204.LI L D.Least squares fitting of discrete data based on MATLAB[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science Edition),2011,30(S1):202-204.
• [16]叶海旺,康强,赵明生,等.节理裂隙岩体空气间隔装药爆破实验研究[J].爆破,2012,29(2):26-30.YE H W,KANG Q,ZHAO M S,et al.Experimental study on jointed rock air space blasting[J].Blasting,2012,29(2):26-30.