谢超群,李启月,陈元勇,张想,吴晓梦
XIE Chao-qun,LI Qi-yue,CHEN Yuan-yong,ZHANG Xiang,WU Xiao-meng

• 1:中交一公局西南工程有限公司
• 2:中南大学资源与安全工程学院
• 3:江西交通职业技术学院
• 4:湖南金聚能科技有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

为解决软弱围岩大断面隧道爆破开挖引起的围岩损伤大、超欠挖严重等问题，对东天山特长隧道工程原爆破方案进行了优化研究，调整隧道开挖方法和爆破循环进尺，优化周边孔爆破参数、装药结构、起爆顺序及起爆网路等。结果表明：采用优化后的爆破方案进行开挖，抑制了掌子面“鼓肚”与拱腰围岩“台阶化”的现象，掌子面与底面平整；能够有效控制超欠挖，平均线性超欠挖小于250 mm;距掌子面25 m的测点最大振速为0.643 cm/s,符合爆破安全规程的有关规定。研究结果可对类似工程有一定的借鉴意义。
In order to solve the problems of the large damage to surrounding rock and serious underbreak and overbreak caused by blasting excavation of large section tunnels with weak surrounding rock, the original blasting scheme of the long tunnel project in East Tianshan Mountain was optimized and studied, the excavation method and blasting cycle footage were adjusted, and the blasting parameters of surrounding hole, charge structure, initiation sequence and initiation circuit were optimized. The results show that the phenomenon of the underbreak of rock mass at the bottom of the face and the stratification of the surrounding rock of the arched abutment are restrained by adopting the optimizated scheme for excavation, the optimized blasting scheme can effectively control the overbreak and underbreak, and the average linear overbraek and underbreak is less than 250 mm. The maximum vibration velocity of the measuring point 25 m away from the face is 0.643 cm/s, which conforms to the relevant provisions of blasting safety regulations. The research results have certain reference for similar projects.

关键词(KeyWords)： 隧道工程;爆破优化;大断面隧道;轮廓控制
tunnel engineering;blasting optimization;large section tunnel;contour control

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划资助项目(编号2016YFC0600802);; 江西省教育厅科学技术研究重点资助项目(GJJ204602)

作者(Author): 谢超群,李启月,陈元勇,张想,吴晓梦
XIE Chao-qun,LI Qi-yue,CHEN Yuan-yong,ZHANG Xiang,WU Xiao-meng

DOI: 10.19931/j.EB.20210180

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 黄宝龙，单仁亮，殷凯，等.光面爆破技术在软弱围岩隧道掘进中的应用研究[J].中外公路，2010,30(6):176-179.HUANG B L,SHAN R L,YIN K,et al.Application of smooth blasting technology in tunnel tunneling of soft surrounding rock [J].China & Foreign Highway,2010,30(6):176-179.
• [2] 李启月 ,赵新浩，魏新傲，等.大断面隧道轮廓控制爆破技术研究与应用[J].黄金科学技术，2019,27(3):350-357.LI Q Y,ZHAO X H,WEI X A,et al.Study and application of contour control blasting technology for large section tunnel[J].Gold Science and Technology,2019,27(3):350-357.
• [3] 林梦果，左孝庆，黄波.公路隧道软弱围岩变形控制技术[J].公路，2021,66(6):408-411.LIN M G,ZUO X Q,HUANG B.Deformation control technology of soft surrounding rock in highway tunnel [J].Highway,201,66(6):408-411.
• [4] 张运良，曹伟，王剑，等.水平层状岩体隧道超欠挖控制爆破技术[J].铁道科学与工程学报，2010,7(5):70-74.ZHANG Y L,CAO W,WANG J,et al.Control blasting technology for over-excavation and under-excavation of horizontal layered rock tunnel [J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2010,7(5):70-74.
• [5] 左德堃.节理方位和岩体质量对隧道爆破的影响[J].世界隧道，1995(4):36-42.ZUO D K.Influence of joint orientation and rock mass quality on tunnel blasting [J].World Tunneling,1995(4):36-42.
• [6] 姚洪瑞.软弱围岩大断面隧道光面爆破[J].爆破，2020,37(2):42-47.YAO H R.Smooth blasting of large section tunnel in soft surrounding rock [J].Blasting,2020,37(2):42-47.
• [7] 杨峰，陈咏泉，王新明，等.水平层状围岩隧道光面爆破效果分析[J].地下空间与工程学报，2005(6):956-959.YANG F,CHEN Y Q,WANG X M,et al.Analysis of smooth blasting effect of horizontal layered surrounding rock tunnel [J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005(6):956-959.
• [8] 熊祖钊，胡从骄，蔡路军.Ⅴ级围岩大断面隧道爆破开挖技术[J].科学技术与工程，2018,18(17):279-284.XIONG Z Z,HU C J,CAI L J.Blasting and excavation technology of Ⅴ class surrounding rock large section tunnel [J].Science Technology and Engineering,2018,18(17):279-284.
• [9] 刘敦文，江树林，唐宇，等.穿越脉状破碎断层隧道光面爆破技术研究[J].工程爆破，2021,27(2):79-84.LIU D W,JIANG S L,TANG Y,et al.Research on smooth blasting technology of tunnel passing through broken vein fault[J].Engineering Blasting,2021,27(2):79-84.
• [10] 郭建，李兵，刘桂勇，等.钻爆法施工隧道超欠挖控制研究[J].工程爆破，2021,27(1):79-84.GUO J,LI B,LIU G Y,et al.Study on control of back break and under break in tunnel excavation by drilling-and-blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2021,27(1):79-84.
• [11] 万利，王春河，王琦，等.超大断面隧道软弱围岩控制机制及应用[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2017,47(1):59-67.WAN L,WANG C H,WANG Q,et al.The control mechanism for super section tunnel on weak surrounding rock and its application [J].Journal of Shandong University (Engineering science),2017,47(1):59-67.
• [12] 袁红所，张家铭，贺立新，等.复杂地质条件下隧道爆破方案优化设计[J].爆破，2016,33(1):50-54,67.YUAN H S,ZHANG J M,HE L X,et al.Optimization design of tunnel blasting scheme under complex geological conditions [J].Blasting,2016,33(1):50-54,67.
• [13] 黄维科，陈加宝，张利斌，等.龙昌公路隧道Ⅳ级围岩大断面机械化施工技术[J].隧道建设(中英文),2020,40(8):1 203-1 210.HUANG W K,CHEN J B,ZHANG L B,et al.Mechanized construction technology ofⅣ grade surrounding rock large section of Longchang highway tunnel [J].Tunnel Construction,2020,40(8):1 203-1 210.
• [14] 李启月，魏新傲，郑静，等.Ⅳ级围岩大断面隧道全断面开挖轮廓控制研究与应用[J].公路交通科技，2020,37(3):88-95.LI Q Y,WEI X A,ZHENG J,et al.Study and application of full-section excavation profile control of Ⅳ class surrounding rock large section tunnel [J].Highway Traffic Science and Technology,2020,37(3):88-95.
• [15] 朱永学，王丙坤，谢丰泽，等.上软下硬岩体大断面隧道掏槽爆破技术优化[J].爆破，2020,37(4):53-58.ZHU Y X,WANG B K,XIE F Z,et al.Optimization of cutting blasting technology for large section tunnel with soft upper and hard rock mass [J].Blasting,2020,37(4):53-58.
• [16] 徐帮树，张万志，石伟航，等.节理裂隙层状岩体隧道掘进爆破参数试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报，2019,48(6):1 248-1 255.XU B S,ZHANG W Z,SHI W H,et al.Experimental study of parameters of tunneling blasting in jointed layered rock mass[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2019,48(6):1 248-1 255.
• [17] MAHDI H.Developing a new hybrid-AI model to predict blast-induced backbreak[J].Engineering with Computers,2017,33(3):349-359.
• [18] EBRAHIM E.Prediction and optimization of back-break and rock fragmentation using an artificial neural network and a bee colony algorithm[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2016,75(1):27-36.
• [19] 孔刚，王达飞，沈东.不同级别围岩隧道的开挖方法[C]//中国煤炭学会.中国煤炭学会成立五十周年系列文集2012年全国矿山建设学术会议专刊(下).广州：安徽理工大学学报编辑部，2012:289-293.KONG G,WANG D F,SHEN D.Excavation methods of different levels of surrounding rock tunnels[C]//CCS.Proceedings of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of China coal society 2012 national mine construction academic conference (Part II).Guangzhou:Editorial Board of Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology,2012:289-293.
• [20] 中华人民共和国交通运输部.公路隧道施工技术规范：JTG/T 3660-2020[S].北京：人民交通出版社，2020.Ministry of Transport,PRC.Technical specification for highway tunnel construction:JTG/T 3660-2020[S].Beijing:People's Communications Press,2020.
• [21] 陈俊桦，李新平，张家生.基于爆破损伤的岩台保护层开挖爆破参数研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报，2016,35(1):98-108.CHEN J H,LI X P,ZHANG J S.Research on blasting parameters of rock abutment protection layer based on blasting damage.[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(1):98-108.
• [22] 唐景文，黄锐，梅慧浩，等.光爆层厚度对光面爆破效果影响的数值分析[J].铁道科学与工程学报，2013,10(1):67-72.TANG J W,HUANG R,MEI H H,et al.Numerical analysis of influence of thickness of optical blasting layer on smooth blasting effect [J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2013,10(1):67-72.
• [23] 戴俊.深埋岩石隧洞的周边控制爆破方法与参数确定[J].爆炸与冲击，2004(6):493-498.DAI J.Periphery controlled blasting method and parameter determination of deep buried rock tunnel [J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2004(6):493-498.
• [24] 国家安全生产监督管理总局.爆破安全规程：GB 6722-2014[S].北京：中国标准出版社，2015.State Administration of Work Safety.Safety regulations for blasting:GB 6722-2014[S].Beijing :China Standards Press,2015.