王璞,刘桐,杨帆,侯猛,蒋跃飞
WANG Pu,LIU Tong,YANG Fan,HOU Meng,JIANG Yue-fei

• 1:浙江省高能爆破工程有限公司

摘要(Abstract)：

针对水下爆破软土地基远区保护对象所受到的爆破振动效应，以金建高铁兰江特大桥水下基础开挖工程为背景，根据试爆所得振动数据进行非线性回归拟合得到K、α值，依据萨道夫斯基公式给出爆破振动预测规律，并对远区典型测点振动监测数据进行信号分解、重构及频谱分析。结果表明：预测规律与实测数据均值曲线仅在一定距离范围内预测相对准确，当测点爆心距大于450 m时预测失效；作用于远区测点的能量基本来自f<50 Hz的低频波，10～20 Hz频段起主导作用，低频波的衰减速度虽趋于稳定但未达到预测规律，导致远区振动具有相对放大效应。结合工程实际，采用统计学方法分析远区振速预测值与实测值，给出放大效应预测修正公式。实践经验与研究思路可为无法得到较为理想K、α值的类似工程远区振动预测提供有益的参考。
In view of the blasting vibration effect of the protected objects in the remote area caused by the underwater blasting of soft soil foundation,taking the underwater foundation excavation project of the Lanjiang Grand Bridge of the Jinjian high-speed railway as the background,the K and α values are obtained by nonlinear regression fitting based on the vibration data obtained from the blasting tests,and the blasting vibration prediction law is given by the Sadowski formula. The signal decomposition,reconstruction and spectrum analysis of the vibration monitoring data at typical measuring points in the far area are carried out. The results show that the prediction law is in accordance with the mean value of the measured data only within a certain distance range,and the prediction fails when the distance between the blast center and the measurement point is greater than 450 m. The energy acting on the remote measuring points basically comes from the low-frequency waves with f< 50 Hz,and the 10～20 Hz frequency band plays a leading role. Although the attenuation velocities of low-frequency waves tend to be stable,it does not reach the predicted law,resulting in a relative amplification effect of vibration in the far region. Combined with engineering practice,statistical methods are used to analyze the predicted and measured values of vibration velocity in the far region,and a revised formula of the prediction for amplification effect is given. Practical experience and research ideas can provide a useful reference for remote vibration prediction of similar projects that cannot obtain ideal K and α values.

关键词(KeyWords)： 水下爆破;软土地基;远区爆破振动;回归拟合;频谱分析
underwater blasting;soft soil foundation;distant blasting vibration;regression fitting;spectral analysis

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation):

作者(Author): 王璞,刘桐,杨帆,侯猛,蒋跃飞
WANG Pu,LIU Tong,YANG Fan,HOU Meng,JIANG Yue-fei

DOI: 10.19931/j.EB.20220082

参考文献(References)：

• [1] 贾汝银.复杂环境下桥墩与桥台基坑深孔控制爆破开挖[J].工程爆破，2011,17(2):34-36.JIA R Y.Controlled blasting and excavation of deep holes in the foundation pit of bridge piers and abutments in complex environments[J].Engineering Blasting,2011,17(2):34-36.
• [2] 张杰友.考虑高程差影响下的水下爆破对邻近建筑物的安全风险影响研究[J].西部交通科技，2021(8):204-208.ZHANG J Y.Study on the impact of underwater blasting on safety risks of neighboring buildings considering elevation difference[J].Western Transportation Science and Technology,2021(8):204-208.
• [3] 黄迪.水下爆破振动对周围建筑物影响研究[D].长沙：湖南大学，2019.HUANG D.Study on the influence of underwater blasting vibration on surrounding buildings[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2019.
• [4] 陈春晖，吴立，赵均文，等.水下钻孔爆破对紧邻建(构)筑物安全性影响研究[J].爆破，2016,33(2):117-122.CHEN C H,WU L,ZHAO J W,et al.Effect of underwater borehole blasting on the safety of adjacent buildings(structures)[J].Blasting,2016,33(2):117-122.
• [5] 汪竹平，张道振，徐棅杨，等.复杂环境内河航道疏浚水下控制爆破[J].工程爆破，2013,19(6):50-52.WANG Z P,ZHANG D Z,XU D Y,et al.Underwater controlled blasting of dredging of inland waterways in complex environments[J].Engineering Blasting,2013,19(6):50-52.
• [6] 李奎河.深水钢围堰基坑水下爆破设计与施工[J].工程爆破，2012,18(2):39-41.LI K H.Design and construction of underwater blasting for deepwater steel cofferdam foundation pit[J].Engineering Blasting,2012,18(2):39-41.
• [7] 杨飞，周晓光，李昱捷.爆破振动衰减系数的回归分析[J].采矿技术，2018,18(5):186-188.YANG F,ZHOU X G,LI Y J.Regression analysis of blasting vibration attenuation coefficient[J].Mining Technology,2018,18(5):186-188.
• [8] 邵蔚，王长柏.水下爆破振动特征及衰减规律研究[J].工程爆破，2018,24(5):15-22.SHAO W,WANG C B.Study on vibration characteristics and attenuation law of underwater blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2018,24(5):15-22.
• [9] 费鸿禄，孙晓宇，关福晨，等.水下深埋岩石爆破振动衰减规律研究[J].爆破，2020,37(3):26-33.FEI H L,SUN X Y,GUAN F C,et al.Research on the vibration attenuation law of deep underwater rock blasting[J].Blasting,2020,37(3):26-33.
• [10] 田运生，左金库.工程爆破对周围环境振动影响的测试与分析[J].工程爆破，2015,21(6):73-77.TIAN Y S,ZUO J K.Test and analysis of the influence of engineering blasting on vibration of surrounding environment[J].Engineering Blasting,2015,21(6):73-77.
• [11] 马芹永，袁璞，张经双，等.立井直眼微差爆破模型试验振动测试与分析[J].振动与冲击，2015,34(6):172-176.MA Q Y,YUAN P,ZHANG J S,et al.Vibration test and analysis of vertical eye micro-differential blasting model test[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(6):172-176.
• [12] 李新平，张雪屏，刘飞香，等.群孔齐发爆破岩体振动频谱特性研究[J].爆破，2021,38(1):14-20.LI X P,ZHANG X P,LIU F X,et al.Study on vibrational spectrum characteristics of group-hole bursting rock masses[J].Blasting,2021,38(1):14-20.
• [13] 杨润强，严鹏，卢文波，等.深部地层地应力水平与爆破振动频率特征的相关性[J].工程爆破，2016,22(5):50-56.YANG R Q,YAN P,LU W B,et al.Correlation between deep stratigraphic geostress level and blasting vibration frequency characteristics[J].Engineering Blasting,2016,22(5):50-56.
• [14] 高启栋，卢文波，冷振东，等.考虑爆源特征的岩石爆破诱发地震波的波型与组分分析[J].岩土力学，2021,42(10):2 830-2 844.GAO Q D,LU W B,LENG Z D,et al.Waveform and component analysis of seismic waves induced by rock blasting considering blast source characteristics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2021,42(10):2 830-2 844.